Criticaly review the popular opinion of prison life with those who Literature

Criticaly the prominent sentiment of jail existence with the individuals who have been detained in the UK (subject criminology) - Literature survey Example This hypothesis likewise underlines the significance of casualties and guilty parties meeting each other up close and personal, permitting them to voice their issues and encounters so as to in the long run accomplish commonly upheld goals. Therapeutic equity depends on different indigenous societies, societies which apply customs identifying with otherworldliness and all encompassing mending (Sharpe, 1998). It likewise utilizes the non-retributive commitments identifying with hurt, upheld by different religions and societies. As a rule in this way, penology dependent on this hypothesis tries to make sure about a harmony between the wrongdoer and irritated gathering (Cavadino and Dignan, 2006). Helpful equity hence incorporates the idea of discipline. Penology structures by society incorporate detainment, the installment of fines, and whipping as a methods for accomplishing the standards of helpful equity. Inside the idea of therapeutic equity thusly, the impression of society and of imprisoned people will be tied down, particularly regarding the real effect of detainment on detainees. (interface between helpful equity and discipline) In understanding therapeutic equity, be that as it may, it is critical to comprehend the criminal equity framework and its underlying applications in the UK society. Correctional arrangement in the UK experienced different advances with an end goal to help the Church of England against free thinkers, generally by executing relinquishments, common arrangements, and common handicaps (Morrill, 1996). From the nineteenth century, critical changes have been distinguished in the criminal equity framework. During Queen Victoria’s rule, significant scholars like Edwin Chadwick considered the criminal wrongdoer as people having a place with the common laborers who would not like to enter a genuine full day’s work, and who liked to drink and be inert (Mantle, et.al., 2005). The mid-nineteenth century invited the term

Bon-a-Matic

Likewise, the organizations that purchase cement are frequently little firms and there gives off an impression of being no connection with firm size and the measure of glue to purchase, so formulating an advertising plan with creation numbers and focusing on explicit clients will be troublesome. In spite of the fact that the frameworks division had structured both Bond-A-Matins, they questioned they had the ability to rapidly fabricate huge amounts. Further, the frameworks division was stressed that it would be overpowered with calls for help for the new dispenser.If the organization propelled Bond-A-Mantic and couldn't then sufficiently support or give the item, the organization's image would be discolored. 72% of buyers from merchants and producers said that specialized help was significant in their decision of moment glue provider. Likewise, the present deals power may not be as keen on finding out about and selling the Bond-A-Mantic as It doesn't generally sell hardware. In any c ase, basically a business require the sole reason for selling the Bond-A-Mantic Is not savvy so just existing clients can be focused through the business force.Further, they might not have the opportunity during the call to push the Bond-A-Metal or all the more significantly, it might get subbed. Should the item fall, the comparability of the name among Suborned and Bond-A-Metal may demolish the current brand acknowledgment. Additionally, Fox's publicizing objective Is an Industry bunch that as of now utilizes under 273501b of glue with complete development potential around 15. 2-18% In client foundations. Furthermore, just 3% of clients bought straightforwardly from makers and 2% of clients bought from merchants. So wholesalers would need to be persuaded to stock Bond-A-Metal.Given the little size of the objective market and income potential, the dangers of propelling the Bond-A-Metal far exceed the potential advantages. Bon-a-Mantic By sandalwood Also, the present deals power may not be as keen on finding out about and selling the Bond-A-Mantic as it doesn't customarily sell gear. Be that as it may, most importantly a business require the sole motivation behind selling the Bond-A-Mantic isn't cost hello might not have the opportunity during the call to push the Bond-A-Mantic or all the more critically, it might get substituted.Should the item fall flat, the comparability of the name among Suborned and Bond-A-Mantic may demolish the current brand Also, Fox's publicizing objective is an industry bunch that right now utilizes under 27,Bibb of cement with complete development potential around 15. 2-18% in client persuaded to stock Bond-A-Mantic. Given the little size of the objective market and income potential, the dangers of propelling the Bond-A-Mantic far exceed the potential

As The Saying About Assumptions Goes

As The Saying About Assumptions Goes Assume = Ass + U + Me. Assumptions, generalizations, stereotypes: they have no business in the admissions process in either direction. First, an applicant should never assume something to be true about a school unless he or she has verified it with a primary source. Serving as said primary source, I can tell you that no, MIT doesnt have the highest suicide rate. No, MIT students dont work all the time. No, MIT doesnt offer only math and science. No, MIT isnt male-dominated (09 is 47% women). Second, and equally important, admissions personnel should never make assumptions about applicants. At the Harvard Admissions Institute (for which I still owe you the summary, I know) we had a group discussion on the topic of extra-curricular activities. We collectively lamented the fact that todays society pressures applicants into doing things just to get into college instead of encouraging them to follow their hearts and true passions. I mentioned to the group that at MIT we look for (and reward) the latter when we read, and that one of my favorite admits listed daydreaming as his first extra-curricular activity (theyre listed in order of priority). (Well pause here to clarify for the record that every component of his application was exemplary, including significant accomplishments at a full-time job that he balanced with his high school curriculum. Obviously this person wasnt admitted to MIT for being good at daydreaming. But the fact that he possessed the self-confidence to tell us that he prioritized daydreaming over his other phenomenal accomplishments said a lot about balance which was my point in bringing it up at Harvard.) Anyway, a senior admissions officer from a very prestigious university (which shall remain nameless) responded with a flippant comment in which it was quite clear that hed assumed my admit to be some rich private school kid who could afford (his word) to list daydreaming as his favorite activity. Do you think Im overreacting to have found this a bit appalling? I cant figure out which side of it annoys me more the implication that lower/middle-class kids cant or shouldnt make time to daydream, or the implication that kids from more affluent backgrounds can afford to be lazy or unmotivated. Ridiculous generalizations in both cases. Ill tell you this I was never more proud to work for MIT than I was at that moment. Because we do not make assumptions. Maybe its because we believe so strongly in verifiable data here maybe its simply because were human beings but you would never hear someone in our office generalize an applicant in response to hearing a tiny fraction of his or her story. In the spirit of the two-way street, I ask the same of you guys. Dont believe everything you hear about MIT if its been filtered through the grapevine (or even the media for that matter). Come and ask us directly. Verify your data with reliable sources. We promise to do the same.

Grapes of Wrath - Henry Liddy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2159 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Grapes of Wrath Essay Did you like this example? Produced by Darryl Zanuck, The Grapes of Wrath is a film with a simple plot, covering the timeless issues of social justice, inequality of wealth, and famine. The film follows the Joad Family and their friends as they migrate westward from their parched farms and destroyed lands to the opportunity of California. The family has heard there are jobs to be filled in The Golden State. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Grapes of Wrath Henry Liddy" essay for you Create order The novel gave rise to some issues people at the time were hesitant to acknowledge such as the conditions of migrant camps along the route from the Dust Bowl to the coast and broader issues revolving around The Great Depression. I will seek to prove that all major parties involved in the making of the film Darryl Zanuck, John Ford, John Steinbeck and Nunnally Johnson wanted to introduce the country to a different kind of film, one which was often times hard to look at, holding up a mirror to a society theyd come to the theater to escape. Proceeding the acquisition of the rights to the book from any major Hollywood studio, protests were already being staged throughout the states portrayed in the novel such as Oklahoma and Illinois. As remembered by Rudy Behlmer from the Alex Film Society,it was banned in several places ordered burned in East St. Louis Illinois, attacked by an Oklahoma congressman, and condemned by the California Chamber of Commerce (1). Protesters went as far as to demand a boycott of all future 20th Century-Fox releases. On top of this controversy, The Agricultural Council of California in tandem with the Associated Farmers of California took out ad space in rural newspapers calling for [the] boycott of a novel which people suspected Hollywood executives had their eyes on (1). Zanuck, unintimidated by the acts of protest, bought the screen rights for $70,000 and quickly sought out talent to carry out the job. Nunnally Johnson was his first hire who was assigned as both an associate producer and screenwriter. Nunnallys take on the film is more hopeful than the novel, as he is quoted saying the only real change I made and I had to make it was in the ending. There had to be some hope (1). Riddled with controversy from the start, Zanuck and Ford used a pseudonym for the film, Highway 66. The production was referred to by this title in the script and by those on-set. Steinbecks novel left people in the Dust Bowl feeling misrepresented as it cast them as desperate, living an archaic way of life. Oklahoma Congressman Lyde Bored went as far to call the book a lie, a black, infernal creation of a twisted, distorted mind (2). No one involved with the making of the film seemed to want to cause harm, but instead, to begin a conversation. This is not entirely true though, as Zanuck did encourage the controversy by perpetuating the argument over censorship, as he thought it would bring the project notoriety. I will begin by talking about John Steinbeck, a beloved and prolific author responsible for some of the most recognizable pieces of social-political work such as Animal Farm, Of Mice and Men, East of Eden, and of course, The Grapes of Wrath, all of which were carried from page to screen. Steinbeck was known to have a knack for the way people spoke, picking up phrases and jargon as he observed each new group of people. In 1962, just six years prior to his young death, Steinbeck was awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature for his revealing humor and keen social perception (5). Born in California, Steinbeck would build a career writing critically about American life, specifically west-coast living. Steinbeck had the particular skill of empathizing with a way of life foreign to his own. His work was usually more interested in the layman world rather than that of the bourgeoisie. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck pens the story of two migrant workers who move to California looking for work during the Great Depression. This premise, which is strikingly similar to The Grapes of Wrath, remained the main lane Steinbeck traveled in, infrequently deviating beyond these fields of interest. Regardless, he did groundbreaking work in these fields, stirring controversy with nearly every release. His focus on the underdog often teetered into sympathy which the average American reader was unwilling to grapple with. Author Warren French, in his book Filmguide to Grapes of Wrath, claims Steinbecks novelprovided him a perfect vehicle for exploiting Americans guilt about social inequality (2). Despite this, he was accused on multiple occasions of misrepresenting the groups of people he chose to write about. Director of Wrath, John Ford, had similar controversy surrounding his name, as he was one of the pioneers and frequent users of the western genre. Fords filmography is cluttered with stories of nameless Native Americans and glamorized cowboys typical of the genre at the time, which has in modern years been properly problematized. Despite the convoluted politics surrounding his work, it isnt to say that Ford was a man unconcerned with justice or morality. In fact, he regarded himself an Irish Rebel indebted to the lower class and hellbent on doing them justice through accurate representation and relevant issues. He is quoted saying, I like, as a director and spectator, simple, direct, frank films. Nothing disgusts me more than snobbism, mannerism, technical gravity and, most of all, intellectualism (5). For this reason, Ford made films that were accessible to all, not veiled in some ambiguous artistic cloak. Ford considered himself an Irish rebel due to the influence his heritage had on him. He sympathized with the Irish and their history, particularly an era when the population was living under British occupation for 100s of years. According to Joseph McBride in his biography Searching for John Ford, Ford despised cops for this reason (6). He was particularly sympathetic to the years his ancestors spent in famine, citing that as a reason he moved forward with the screen transition of Wrath (6). But, when Wrath was released, theatergoers at the time were more used to escapism and grand-scale action so Wrath served as a change of pace. Not to say that Ford was alone in picking at the threads of society the same year Wrath was released, Charlie Chaplin captured the world with the harsh and reflexive The Great Dictator. Ford though preferred a more subdued style, letting the content take center stage. This is very much the case with Wrath. The cinematography seems to be the only impositio n of style into the story. Ford was not the only confusing and ever-changing person behind the scenes of Wrath. Darryl Zanuck, similarly to Ford, welcomed controversy. And, when involving Wrath, Zanuck sought it out. After scooping the rights to the novel for $70,000 just a week after publication, Zanuck assured the public, to their dismay, that the film will, in fact, enter production and be released (3). As I briefly covered above, protests were not only invoked by the book but also by talks of a film adaption. After the Studios bidding war, which the public assumed was a stunt to grab the rights and shelve the book, Zanuck proudly scoffed, Show me the man who can prove I would pay $75,000 to throw away a book and Ill make a movie of him. (3). Zanuck did not act in pure virtue though. It was suspected at the time that Zanuck was hungry for a hit. Following a successful but turbulent stint at Warner Bros., he left the Studio due to financial dissatisfaction and was in search for new work (2). It was not long before he hunkered down at 20th Century Pictures where he got to work on what would be his most discussed adventure The Grapes of Wrath. Zanuck was no stranger to stirring the pot. He incited public outpour in the past with films such as Ham and Eggs at the Front, which featured a character in blackface, and The Fugitive from a Chain Gang, which portrayed the inhuman conditions of prison and sympathized with an outlaw on the run. So, when it came to Wrath, it was only proper that Zanuck leaned into the controversy surrounding it. Now that we have a general understanding of the main players in the saga of Wrath from page to screen, I will now further discuss my findings. Interestingly, Zanuck and Ford took careful consideration of the story and representation despite appearing brandish to the press. Before production began, Zanuck sought to find truth in the Steinbecks desperate portal of the Okies. Zanuck commissioned private investigators to travel slightly east, along the active path of migration. He demanded to know the true conditions of the migrants. They were instructed to go to migrant camps and take notes on what they saw. To his surprise, the investigators came back with a startling revelation the conditions at the camps were drastically worse than displayed in the novel. Knowing this, Zanuck felt more comfortable and compelled to push ahead with the production of Wrath. He was quick to cue in the public on this fact, attempting to ease outrage and encourage anticipation (3). In the lead up to production, with pre-production nearly under wraps, Zanuck and Ford demanded tight-lipped privacy. Multiple measures were taken to ensure the contents of the script and chosen locations were kept secret. Nunnally penned the script under the name Highway 66 and until the product was finished, only three copies were distributed each time: one for Zanuck, one for Ford, and one for Henry Fonda. The copies were to be kept to themselves (2). Once production began, it was also veiled in secrecy. Every copy of the script was collected at the end of each shooting day. Not to mention, a large a portion of the budget was dedicated to replicating the Dust Bowl in the back of a stage lot so the media was unaware of what they were shooting (1). They even went against code formalities and left certain on-location sets unnamed. Much of the reason Zanuck and Ford were insistent on secrecy was due to the brutality of the story they were trying to tell. The public, along with the MPAA, demanded a softer version of Steinbecks novel, one that dismissed much of the profanity in favor of adventure and companionship (3). Despite this desire, the two did not want to dull the cruelty of the novel and promised Steinbeck they would do no such thing. Within the week before Zanuck bought the rights, Steinbeck proclaimed, I am quite sure no picture company would want this new book whole [but] it is not for sale any other way (2). Due to Steinbecks trepidations regarding the adaption and the softening of its content, Zanuck promised him there would be no dodging the grim truth of the book. Following the release, Steinbeck was quick to give his opinion: It looks and feels like a documentary film and certainly it has a hard, truthful rind, No punches were pulled. Zanuck has more than kept his word. He has a hard, straight pi cture. Despite Steinbecks satisfaction and the financial success of the film, the picture was met with polarized critics and fans. Grace Liechinger, in her Wall Street Journal review of the film, claimed it to be,a nihilistic assault on a childs or parents sensibilities. But, in the same vein, many also recognized the importance from its release. In his 1940 review of the film featured in The Evening Herald, Jimmy Starr acclaimed Wrath to bestinging like a dramatic lash across the face John Steinbeck [slurs] at California with Hollywoods most controversial drama (9). Another critic credited the film to a candid presentation of the horrors the migrants faced. Most notably, critic Frank S. Nugent had it right when he claimed Wrath, from the moment of its release, claimed a spot on the shelf along the most vital pictures ever released (10). No matter which angle you look at it from, the film inspired conversation and influence that was rare. In nearly every review published from the release, critics were compelled to talk about the loyalty to the content of the book, whether for good or bad. They also frequently mentioned the controversy that ensued during the bidding war. Critics rarely distanced the film from Steinbeck, as most mentioned and spent time covering the source material and anecdotes from the adaption, as well as credited him with the stark and critical notions of American society which made its way to screen. From reading and assembling reviews, interviews, and books about the subject, it appears Zanuck and Ford wanted to accurately turn a novel concerned with social justice into a film with similar consideration. And, despite the circus that ensued, they delivered a film that was both conscientious of its subjects and the audience. As noted in The Great Film Series, Paul G. Rotha Richard Griffith are quo ted from their book The Film Till Now acknowledging that for the first time, millions of Americans saw their faces, and their fate, on the entertainment screen (8).

The Great Gatsby Thesis By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 943 Words

The Great Gatsby Thesis The 1920s, often deemed the â€Å"Roaring 20s,† took place in the middle of the Prohibition Movement. Prohibition was a constitutional ban on the sale, production, and consumption of alcoholic beverages resulting in a large supply of cheap alcohol and a high demand for it. Society was becoming corrupt and inhibited. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s work, The Great Gatsby, is set in this very time period. The main character, Jay Gatsby, who at first appears to be a wealthy businessman is symbolic of the 1920 society. In the beginning of the novel, Fitzgerald reminds the reader not to judge too harshly, â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing any one†¦just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had† (Fitzgerald 1). Through Jay Gatsby’s characteristics of deceitful charisma, persuasion, and his fateful death, Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s society as the decline of the American dream. Jay Gatsby uses networking and flawed facts to create his 1920s â€Å"Oxford man† attitude and persona which displays the superficiality of 1920 society. Gatsby gained his wealth through the illegal activity of selling alcohol during Prohibition. His romantic reputation proceeds him before we even meet him the novel. â€Å"In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the starts† (Fitzgerald 39). He hosted lavish, rather unrealistic parties that â€Å"†¦were bigger. 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Vidding and Copyright Infringement Free Essays

Many people have become semi famous from others vidding content that they uploaded or appeared in. A few semi famous people, extra ordinary personalities, that come to mind are the Double Rainbow Guy, aka Yosemitebear, Sweet Brown, and Antoine. Without â€Å"vidding† these people would not have had any fame or acknowledgement whatsoever. We will write a custom essay sample on Vidding and Copyright Infringement or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a fine line between copyright infringement and vidding. One factor that I think plays an important role in differentiating the two is if a video is modified from its original version and an artistic twist is added. Art is intellectual property, and by adding your own property to it, makes it your own. The Double Rainbow video is a great example. This video was up on the YouTube sight for quite some time before being discovered by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel who posted a tweet with the YouTube link on his Twitter account. From there the video spread like wildfire and people were interviewing the maker of the, Paul Vasquez a Yosemite Park resident. Three days later, a well-known auto tuner made a remix video with a song out of the double rainbow video. The song was made available on ITunes and the profits are split 50/50 with Paul Vasquez, who made the original video and the remix auto tuner, known by user name schmoyoho. When the person vidding the original pays royalties or splits profits, then I think this is not copyright infringement because they are paying their dues. If a person profits from using the original version in their new formatted version, then they should have to pay the original owner a portion, it is only fair. I think this is the fine line between self-expression, freedom of speech, and copyright infringement. If you are looking to profit from the content without consent than that is unethical. However, if you are adding your own perception of a television show or video just to express your point of view then this falls under freedom of speech. With social media more popular than ever, there are millions of people copying and sharing original tweets of Facebook posts. We are absolutely unable to monitor every person’s tweets and posts. With such a broad spectrum of what falls under copyright infringement and what falls under self-expression, we as adults have to be able to use judgment based on ethical reasoning. Lawrence Kohlberg categorized different stages of moral development. People have to use their morals and ethical reasoning to draw a line under the copyright laws. You know when you are stealing someone else’s ideas. The bottom line is that credit should be given where credit is due. References: http://knowyourmeme. com/memes/double-rainbow Lawrence, A. T. Weber, J. (2011). Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy (13th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ISBN: 978-0-07-813715-0 How to cite Vidding and Copyright Infringement, Papers

Psychological Explanations Of Anorexia Essay Example For Students

Psychological Explanations Of Anorexia Essay By: Anonymous It seems today that eating disorders are on the rise. While this may be true, the numbers may appear to grow only because more cases are being brought out into the open. The purpose of this paper is to discuss eating disorders and prove the these disease, specifically Anorexia Nervosa, continue to plague of women due to psychological and environmental factors along with pressure from the media. The term Anorexia Nervosa is misleading. It means loss of appetite due to nerves. But people with anorexia dont actually lose their appetite until the late stages of their starvation. Until, they do feel hungry, but they just wont eat. People affected by anorexia have an extreme fear of gaining weight. In addition to drastic dieting, they may resort to vomiting and the use of laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Statistics show that many teens and young adults suffer from anorexia nervosa. Without treatment, anorexia nervosa can cause serious health problemseven death! The sooner treatment begins the better the chances for a full recovery. The person with another anorexia is a model child. He/She is well behaved, eager to please, and a good student who gets along well with her peers. She rarely admits that anything is wrong or that anything is wrong or that she/he extra helps. Behind the mask is an insecure, self-critical perfectionist who feels unworthy of any praises she receives. A person who has anorexia is also very concerned about whether other people like her. Occasionally, she feels that theres something wrong with her- that shes bad or that her thoughts are disgusting. (PennSAHIC) One interpretation of an eating disorder is termed as a relationship between the person and food the appears abnormal. Anorexia Nervosa is one of the most prevalent eating disorder decease. The definition of Anorexia, Dr. Barton J. Blinder gives an interpretation similar to this: Anorexia is an all-encompassing pursuit of thinness, occurring most often in adolescents and young adult woman. This is accomplished by avoidance of eating by any means possible. The person affected by Anorexia has an absolutely terrifying fear of becoming obese. In short, food becomes the enemy; one researcher described Anorexia as weight phobia. (noah.cuny. edu/wellconn/eatdisorders.html) Some experts believe that a fear of growing up is the root of the problem. Other experts see the disorder as a subconscious rebellion against parents whove set standards that are too high. All experts agree that food is not the central problem. There is evidence that people with anorexia secrete abnormal amounts of various hormones. But, many researchers believe these imbalances are the results of emotional stress and severe dieting, not the case of them. In our culture, thin is in and dieting is normal behavior. The pressure to be the best may also be a factor in the disorders development. (PennSAHIC) People who intentionally starve themselves suffer from an eating disorder called anorexia nervosa. The disorder, which usually begins in young people around the time of puberty, involves extreme weight lossat least 15 percent below the individuals normal body weight. Many people with the disorder look emaciated but are convinced they are overweight. Sometimes they must be hospitalized to prevent starvation. An example of this will be illustrated in the following story: Deborah developed anorexia nervosa when she is 16. A rather shy, studious teenager, she tried hard to please everyone. She had an attractive appearance, but was slightly overweight. Like many teenager girls, she was interested in boys but concerned that she wasnt pretty enough to get their attention. When her father jokingly remarked that she would never get a date if she didnt take off same weight, she took him seriously and began to diet relentlessly- never believing she was thin even when she became extremely underweight. Soon after the pounds started dropping off, Deborahs menstrual periods stopped. As anorexia tightened its grip, she became obsessed with dieting and food and developed strange eating rituals. Every day she weighted all the food she would eat on a kitchen scale, cutting solids into minuscule pieces and precisely measuring liquids. .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 , .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .postImageUrl , .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 , .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:hover , .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:visited , .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:active { border:0!important; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:active , .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9 .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05567ab2fc5095072d255afe7f910bf9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The clearinghouse on child abuse and neglect infor Essay She would then put her daily ration in small containers, lining them up in neat rows. She also exercised compulsively, even after she

An Examination of Nazi Germany essays

An Examination of Nazi Germany essays The Nazis had many domestic policies which had very many effects on the typical German way of life. In simple terms, what the question above asks is two things: one, what the Nazis desired to achieve in Germany, and two, whether or not they were successful. During the period from the rise of Hitler to the fall of his proposed empire, the Nazi policies can be placed under a single ideal, the revival of the sense of community. These 'volkgesmeinschaft' oriented policies were adopted by the Nazis in order to instill the traditional Germanic ideals of the previous Reich's into the new generation of German people, purify the German race and, through the use of the Jewish peoples, gypsies, homosexuals and other groups as scapegoats, solve the crisis' which Germany faced, creating a more unified Germany and a country and empire which, according to Hitler, "would last one thousand years". In addition to this, the Nazis also desired Germany to become an authoritarian government under Hitler. These policies are all very easily said, but the Nazis had vast problems and obstacles which they faced in order for these plans to be achieved. After they took power, certain individual policies were created and enforced, which attempted to achieve the ideals listed above. First of all, the Nazis had policies towards the practice of religion, in order to preserve the ideals of the traditional folk Germanic community. The Nazis desired to control the church as well as the state and they signed the concordat with Pope Pious II. The Nazis reasoned with the story of Christ, who was related to the Germans. This was their justification for placing the symbol of Christ, the cross, next to the symbol of Nazism, the swastika, in churches across the entire of Germany. Secondly, the Nazis were able to create a traditional Germanic community, while still controlling it, by the introduction of physical and intellectual training through various groups, in part...

The Best IB Biology Textbooks, Reviewed

The Best IB Biology Textbooks, Reviewed SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips To achieve success in your IB Biology SL/HL class and on the exam, you need to find the best textbook for your learning style. In this article, I have collected and reviewed a list of the most recent IB Biology Textbooks (2013 or newer), as I don't recommend you studying with any older books, as they may be out of date. Who Is This Article For? This article is for IB Biology students who are serious about success in the classroom and on the IB Biology SL/HL papers. If you only plan on using the textbook for 5 hours of studying, the choice of book becomes less important. However, if you plan to use the textbook throughout the school year for study help as well as while preparing for the IB Biology exam, you should choose carefully. In this guide, I’ve divided the books into specific categories to help you make a knowledgeable choice. The Best IB Biology Textbooks We’re going to divide this into a few categories: Best Overall Textbook: A must have book as a part of your learning process, no matter your skill level or weaknesses. Best Textbook for Average Students:This book provides more in-depth explanations for those who need a little more assistance and struggled to understand the material when it was taught in class. Best Textbook for High Achieving Students:This book has the material to push the high achievers over the top by focusing on how to apply what you have learned in class to the exam, without repeating the details that you have already mastered. Textbook to Avoid:This book lacks certain material you need to succeed in class and on the exam. Best Overall Textbook This textbook is a must have as a part of your learning process, no matter your skill level or weaknesses. IB Biology Course Book: 2014 Edition: Oxford IB Diploma Program Price on Amazon: New $58.90, Used $37.18 Description: This is the go-to IB Biology textbook. Andrew Allott and David Mindorff are the only authors to work directly with the IBO to create their textbook, which means they truly understand what the IBO wants you to understand and what the IBO will ask you on the exam. They're also able to give you the most realistic practice problems that resemble the actual IB Biology papers.This textbook contains: detailed explanations on each topic in the SL/HL syllabus practice problems for each topic Pros: developed directly with the IB high-quality in-depth explanations realistic sample IB Biology questions organized logically, with practice integrated throughout inexpensive compared to other new textbooks Cons: this book does not give clear guidance on how best to customize its content for your needs doesn't contain study strategies or test strategies Best Textbook for Average Students This book provides more in-depth explanations for those who need a little more assistance and struggled to understand the material when it was taught in class. Biology for the IB Diploma Price on Amazon: New $83, Used $5 Description: This is textbook is the best for average students because it is the most detailed of all of the IB Biology textbooks, making use of annotated diagrams and pictures to explain complex processes. This book follows the IB Biology Syllabus: chapters are presented in syllabus order. Both Standard Level and Higher Level topics are covered, with Higher Level only topics clearly marked. The text is written in easy to understand language with all key IB Biology terms simply defined, and exam questions integrated throughout. Pros: high-quality in-depth explanations great for visual learners since it makes extensive use of visuals organized according to the syllabus with IB exam questions integrated. very inexpensive to buy used compared to the other textbooks. Cons: doesn't contain test strategies or study strategies may be too detailed/feel redundant for high achieving students who have mastered the basics. Best Textbook for High Achieving Students This book has the material to push the high achievers over the top by focusing on how to apply what you have learned in class to the exam, without repeating the details that you have already mastered. HL Biology 2nd edition bookand SL Biology 2nd edition book Price for SL Textbook on Amazon: New $105, Used $34 Price for HL Textbook on Amazon: New $136, Used $50 Description: These textbooks are the most focused on IB exam success. Throughout the textbooks, IB Biology exam questions are provided from real past papers, along with advice for test success and on how to avoid common mistakes. These textbooks follow the organization of the newest IB Biology Syllabus and provide explanations using real-world examples as well as pictures. The accompanying eBook provides additional support with videos, animations, solved problems, and more. Pros: many realistic IB Biology exam practice questions, integrated with each chapter. in-depth online support with additional simulations, videos, and problems explained. provides test strategies Cons: may not be in-depth enough for some students, since the explanations expect you have some knowledge. Higher Level and Standard Level are separated into 2 books, so if you decide to switch into Higher Level late (after taking a year of IB Biology, which many schools allow), you would have to purchase another book. relatively expensive compared to the other textbooks. Textbook to Avoid This book lacks certain material you need to succeed in class and on the exam. Biology for the IB Diploma Coursebook Price on Amazon:New $61, Used $41 Description: This edition of the IB Biology Coursebook from Cambridge Press was developed using the newest IB Biology syllabus. It covers all of the core topics of the syllabus including some practice questions. However, it does not cover any of the options (Both IB Biology SL and HL have core topics your teacher must cover as well as 2 additional topics - known as the options - because your teacher gets to choose from 4 options - for a more in-depth explanation of the options, read our other article The Complete IB Biology Syllabus: SL and HL). The core topics are tested on Paper 1 and 2 of the IB Biology SL/HL Exam, and the options are tested on Paper 3. Pros: developed using the IB Biology syllabus focused review of IB Biology core topics including some practice questions. inexpensive compared to other new textbooks Cons: missing review of the options, which count for ⅓ of the IB Biology exam. This textbook is too expensive to spend money on when it is missing ⅓ of the material needed to succeed on the IB Biology exam. Other Free and Paid Study Resources Find other free IB Biology study resources in our other articles The Best IB Biology Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL and Where to Find IB Biology Past Papers - Free and Official.Also, check out our other article on The Best IB Biology Books, Reviewed to find additional paid study guides for IB Biology SL/HL. What’s Next? Trying to figure out what extracurricular you should do? Learn more about participating in Science Olympiad, starting a club, doing volunteer work, andjoining Student Government. Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT.Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out your target SAT score or target ACT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Positive Effects of Media Exposure to Children PowerPoint Presentation

Positive Effects of Media Exposure to Children - PowerPoint Presentation Example Children’s exposure to media criticized at different levels for inculcating negative attitudes, behavior, and virtues in children. Among these negative effects include; Children’s exposure to scary programs like Harry Porter invoke long-term fear and anxiety on these children with recent studies supporting that these children are at risk of suffering post-traumatic stress. (Bushman & Gibson, 2010). Other studies by Bryant et al (1981) also support that long-term exposure of children to media promotes perpetual fear, which impairs children’s concept of social reality especially through programs that advance violence related themes. Uncontrolled media content progressively aired on media gives children an opportunity to access adult restricted films with sexual themes through marketing and advertising efforts decay the moral concept of children. (Association, 2012); (Pediatrics, 2010) Children also acquire aggressive behavior as they are exposed to violent programs by adopting antisocial behavior. (Halberstaadt, Denham, & Dunsmore, 2001) Bushman, B. J., & Gibson, B. (2010, August 11).  

Diversification in a porfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diversification in a porfolio - Research Paper Example Graham (2010) observes that the risks of an investment are reduced to between 80-90% through diversification of portfolios. However, there have been questions as to whether portfolio diversification is the best way to increase returns of an investment and to yield higher returns. Some studies have shown that portfolio diversification only reduces non market risks when the diversification is done up to a certain degree. According to Hagin (2004), even though portfolio diversification reduces non market risks and increases the returns of an investment, the rule of diminishing returns usually applies at a very early stage of the investment. This paper therefore tries to answer the question as to whether diversification of portfolios with aggressive and defensive risks profiles the best way to invest. In order to answer the main question of the paper, the paper reviews the various aspects or factors that are involved in an investment and determines how they correlate with diversification and returns. Portfolio can be broadly defined as a collection of various financial assets that are owned and managed by an individual investor or a group. According to Hagin (2004), portfolio refers to combination of different investments assets that are mixed with the aim or purpose of achieving the goals of an investor or a group of investors in any given market and region. Some of the financial assets include equities, liquid assets, fixed income instruments, bonds as well as cash. The kind of portfolio an investor chooses strongly determines the risks and returns associated with that particular investment. Diversification of portfolios on the other hand refers to an investment strategy that involves mixing of various assets in order to reduce the risks of an investment portfolio. This is through the spreading out of the risks that are associated with each investment assets to ensure that when a financial crisis occurs or affects one asset, the other

Pluralist and ruling elite accounts of power

Pluralist and ruling elite accounts of power Pluralist Power Political Compare and contrast the pluralist and ruling elite accounts of political power This essay will discuss the above question and analyse the relevance of similarities and differences to the modern political system. It will look at empirical evidence from a number of pluralist and elite writers and explain the weaknesses in both arguments. The differentiation of the distribution of political power between the pluralist and elitist accounts is relatively simple to determine loosely. The elite approach argues that there is one group which dominates in a political system, although that class is not necessarily determined by the economic system. Pluralist theories state that political power should be regarded as analytically distinct from economic power and, in contrast to elitists, power is not concentrated in the hands of a single group, but widely dispersed among a variety of groups and actors.1 The central position of pluralist power is that all citizens have a chance to become politically active through either individual or group action. Views are represented in policy making not only through representative elections but also through the participatory mechanism of group politics. The process of decision making is merely the outcome between different groups, with government institutions acting as a mediator. No group tends to dominate this process because of the plurality of political resources. The diverse base of group power means that if a group has little money, it may call on public opinion to sustain its views in the decision making process. The electoral mechanism assumes that government doesn’t persistently favour one group as bias alienates the government from the rest. The government acts as a broker, independent from interest, and responds to pressure from different sides. The outcome of the policy making process is an even gamble – all win some bets and lose others, in contrast to the elitist view that the odds are stacked in favour of the house.2 Mosca used the term ruling class to denote the permanent group of organised rulers in society, but his use of the term ‘class’ creates an element of confusion in that his ruling class is very different in its function and characteristics from those of the Marxists. Power exercised by Mosca’s ruling class occurs from the organisational capacity of the ruling minority. This is the basis for their power and the characteristics that distinguishes them from the powerless minority.3 Criticism of classical elite theorists by writers such as Meisel centres on the notion that the ruling elite is claimed to be a class.4 It is an important idea in Pareto’s theory and Mosca founds the power of the elite on their greater organisational capacity. The three functions that Meisel identifies Mosca’s elite must have – consciousness, coherence and conspiracy, mean that such an elite should be able to maintain itself purely by its organisational capacity, its ability to adapt to new forces and its dynamic positive relationship expressed through the rule of law. The elite in a modern sense connotes a looser group of individuals, each exercising power and united by one or more factors such as wealth, social origin or achievement. What remains of classical elite theory is the powerlessness of the masses and the rational unifying capacities of the minority groups. Power pluralists such as Dahl and Polsby argue that a pluralist approach is far more rigorous than the elitist model when determining the distribution of power in political systems. Power is defined as an ability to influence policy outcomes rather than having a reputation for power. Studies of power distribution should be analysed using empirical methods finding those groups responsible for the decision making process Dahl contended that ‘although there are many different approaches and theories of power, so long as we can subject the hypothesis contained within these thesis’ to empirical investigation then it will be possible to arrive at an all embracing definition of power’.5 The pluralist approach stresses a need to look at actual decision making. A study by Dahl in 1965 looked at electoral apportionment, urban development and education to see who tended to dominate. The conclusion showed that it was impossible to identify a single powerful elite. Decision making tended to be a complex bargaining process between a plurality of different sectors. Pluralist theory has not been unchallenged by elite theory. Elite theories emphasise the stability and survival of political rule through the visible exercise of power. The difference of perspective results in research methods which are more approximate in their definition of power distribution. ‘Power involves relationships between individuals and groups, both controllers and controlling. It is a relatively constant factor in social relationships with policies as a variable and structured on national and local levels’.6 Elitists argue that expressed or perceived political preferences can be distinguished from objective interests. But this is because of the influence of the dominant class circulating a political formula, as Mosca put it. In this approach such perceived intent is the product of a power relationship rather than the pluralist approach of being the basis for understanding these relationships. In elite theory, where perceived interests differ from objective interests, evidence of the dominant class shaping the values of those whose power is exercised can be seen. Pluralists ignore the concept of objective values as it suggests that group goals can be determined from information of the social or economic nature of the group. They argue that such goals are vague and contradictory and difficult to determine.7 Marxist theories have tended to show a link between economic and political power. The notion that there is a political authority which can be separate from economic relationships is one which runs through Western politics. Aristotle argued that the polis allowed free men to take decisions, for the good of the citizens and not for the private advantage of the powerful.8 Hegel distinguishes between the public authority of the state as distinct from the relationships that prevail in civil society.9 This view is widely shared in pluralist political science that since power is a type of influence, a power holder may owe his power to his wealth, ability, reputation or any favourable position with regard to any value.10 Elite theory argues that the basis for assessing political power lies in the assessment of the degree in which particular groups can produce policy outcomes which are in their interests. Pluralist approaches reject the idea that an explanation can be based on the argument of the policy outcome with the interests of a certain group or class. Rather they argue the need to establish that a group consciously wants a particular policy outcome and take successful measures to secure it.11 Just as important as the plurality of resources, pluralist approaches stress the ability to transform the potential of those resources into the actual exercise of power. It’s not enough for a leader to be popular; he must have strategies to exercise his influence. In this sense power is not something that individuals and groups do; rather it is something gained through the deployment of political resources in order to achieve objectives.12 Power in pluralist analysis, is not just a property given or denied on the basis of social or economic position. The link between these and political power is weakened by the fact that strong political resources can coexist with weak political influence through the influence of inappropriate strategies. Like elite theory, pluralist theory doesn’t assume that those in formal positions of authority are necessarily those with political power. Those without policy making authority may be highly influential, and vice-versa. Where elitists differ from pluralist approach is that they argue that the influence of outside powers of government is limited to those exercised by specific economic and social classes. Pluralists stress that the types of pressures on government come from a wider array of different types of interest. Whilst they cannot suggest that there is a perfect distribution of power in government decision making, pluralists argue that more groups are involved in decision making than elitists, who claim that a particular class or group has a monopoly of influence.13 A study in 1980 showed the style of policy making in the UK. When drafting legislation based upon engineering reports, the government consulted over 500 groups, 16 of which were deemed to be influential.14 There is now a clear distribution between the two strands of modern elite theory. Mainstream elitism refers mainly to the interaction and function of ruling and strategic elites, and though it differs in emphasis from earlier theories, the normative assumptions are not that different from classical elitist like Pareto. The second strand of elite theory is neo-elitism, and is highly critical of both mainstream elitism and pluralism, which it regards as a revision of democratic theory.15 Its main issue with pluralism is over the community power debate, which had implications for the definition of power. There are many criticisms of pluralism who object to its normative implications. ‘Elitist ideals can logically contrast with facts without being invalidated by empirical research which does not in any obvious way call for its general revision’.16 It is argued that pluralists ignore the ‘face of power’ which contains the scope of decision-making to safe issues. The main weakness of the pluralist approach to power is that it is a description instead of an analysis of power relationships. This has been recognised because, if true, the elitist idea of the importance of non-observable influences and constraints from one group would have important repercussions for the way that western political systems are characterised.17 Elite theory is still opposed to class analysis at several levels, arguing the interests and power of elites are not based on economic factors. Elitism lends itself to a concentration on organisational identification of power. These differences in orientation separate elitism and pluralism, rather than the argument over the distribution of power. Power is not central to elite analysis; it is given in a certain way.18 The main criticism of elitism is that it assumes what it should be proving – the distribution of power. The other major similarity between the two theories is the idea of democratic elitism. This suggests that modification of democratic theory accepts that most citizens do not take part in politics. It argues that a number of elites who are forced to compete for power through public support, as is the case with party politics. The most influential democratic elitists were Schumpeter and Dahl, who argued that elites could exist whilst democracy was in place. They also stress that elites do exist but are in control of different policy areas. Schumpeter stated that the key to democracy was the existence of the mechanism which forces elites to compete for support and that the majority of citizens aren’t capable of taking part in governing.19 Dahl analysed these ideas forming the argument that politics is a ployarchy, essentially meaning rule by a number of elites. This reworking of pluralism into pluralist elitism is the synthesis of the two theories. References 1 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaf, 1985) P107 2 P.Norris, Do Capitalists Rule (Oxford: Robertson, 1982) P194 3 P.Bachrach, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) P64 4 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P79 5 R.Dahl, Critique of the Ruling Elite model (New York: Macmillan, 1958) P463 6 A.Birch, Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993) P6 7 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P85 8 Aristotle, The Politics (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972) P271 9 G.Hegel, Philosophy of Right (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968) P78 10 N.Polsby, Community Power and Political Theory (London: Penguin, 1961) P96 11 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P116 12 F.Castles, Decisions, Organisation and Society (Middlesex: Penguin, 1971) P83 13 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P114 14 J.Richardson, Governing Under Pressure (Oxford: Robertson, 1979) P126 15 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P89 16 P.Bachrach, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) P122 17 A.Cox, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) P121 18 R.Dahl, Critique of the Ruling Elite model (New York: Macmillan, 1958) P254 19 P.Bachrach, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) P78 Bibliography Aristotle, The Politics (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972) Bachrach.P, Theory of Democratic Elitism (Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1967) Birch.A, Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993) Castles.F, Decisions, Organisation and Society (Middlesex: Penguin, 1971) Cox.A, Power in Capitalist Societies (Brighton; Wheatsheaft, 1985) Dahl.R, Critique of the Ruling Elite model (New York: Macmillan, 1958) Hegel.G, Philosophy of Right (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968) Norris.P, Do Capitalists Rule (Oxford: Robertson, 1982) Polsby.N, Community Power and Political Theory (London: Penguin, 1961) Richardson.J, Governing Under Pressure (Oxford: Robertson, 1979)

Make or Buy Decision Essay

Taiwanese smart phone maker HTC Corporation is considering outsourcing manufacturing to other companies to improve its efficiency. Before building its own brand, HTC concentrated on manufacturing low-end smart phones for companies like Apple. However, in recent years, HTC has been under pressure from shareholders to reduce costs because of loss net operating income for the third quarter of 2013. Now, HTC wants to change its strategy; they want to concentrate on the research and development of high-end smart phones and outsource some of their low-end smart phone production to increase their sufficiency and lower the costs. In the smart phone industry, in order to improve efficiency, it is important for the phone makers to build more commoditized products and universally outsource some products to manufacturers who can produce cheaper products. However, just as the Yuanta Securities analyst Dennis Chan says, there are many factors that effect whether to make the decision to outsource. HTC definitely needs to consider many factors to decide whether they will continue making products or outsourcing (Dou, 2013). Problem Identification The case above is talking about how HTC suffers from a new situation about whether to continue producing smart phones or outsource them to other manufacturing companies. Actually it is a â€Å"make or buy decision† problem in accounting. Make or buy decision is a decision to carry out manufacturing a product in-house or purchasing it from an outside supplier. As every company comes under increasing pressure to reduce costs and increase their return on assets, it shows an increased importance to managers whether to keep the activities, even the key parts, in-house or outsource them (Gambino, 1980). Outsourcing is an important part in make-or-buy decision making. For HTC, if the production cost is much higher than outsourcing the low-end smart phone to other companies, or it doesn’t have sufficient production capacity to produce it internally, outsourcing seems a better choice for the company. However, in the business world, it is not easy to determine whether a make-or-buy decision is good for the company; there are many factors to consider. The following part will describe the factors which have an effect on make-or-buy decisions. Accounting Method Explanation—Make-or-Buy Decision Make-or-buy decisions occur in business when a company needs to decide whether to produce goods internally or to purchase them externally. This typically is an issue when a company has the capacity to manufacture products or they can purchase the products on the market. When analyzing a make-or-buy business decision, it is necessary for managers to look at several factors. The analysis must examine thoroughly all of the costs related to manufacturing the products as well as all the costs related to purchasing the product. 1. Quantitative factors and Qualitative factors. The make-or-buy decision involves both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Quantitative factors can be calculated and compared; subjective judgment and multiple opinions are required when we want to examine some quantitative factors. Also, we need to consider various factors from all angles when the make-or-buy decision is used, because some of the factors involved can be quantified with certainty, while other factors cannot. Quantitative factors include things such as the availability of production facilities, production capacity, and all of the resources needed. Variable and fixed costs are also important factors when analyzing the make-or-buy decision. Similarly, quantitative costs also include the price of the product in the marketplace. The comparison between the production cost and purchasing cost is one of the most important processes in analyzing the make or buy decision. Qualitative factors are more difficult to measure than quantitative factors and more subjective judgment needs to be taken into consideration. For example, the reputation and reliability of the suppliers, the possibility and the likelihood of changing or reversing the decision in the future, and the long-run outlook regarding production or purchasing the product are all typical qualitative factors. In the HTC outsourcing case, identifying and picking up the quantitative and qualitative factors is the first step. First, for the quantitative part, the variable and fixed costs of producing the smart phones must be taken into consideration. Usually, variable costs include direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead. Also, we need to collect the data about the salary paid for workers and supervisors, depreciation of the equipment, and the a llocated general overhead. The purchasing price of smart phones which the supplier  offered is another required factor when comparing production cost. Secondly, for the quantitative part, HTC needs to do a lot of research to know whether their supplier has a good reputation and reliability, and analysis the benefits and costs if they choose to purchase the smart phones from the supplier instead of producing them. 2. The analysis must also separate relevant costs from irrelevant costs and look only at the relevant costs. When making the make-or-buy decision, it is necessary to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant costs. Relevant costs for making the product are all the costs that could be avoided by purchasing the product. An avoidable cost can be eliminated in whole or partially through choosing one alternative over another. In the HTC case, by choosing to purchase smart phones from another supplier, the cost of manufacturing the phones can be avoided. In reality, opportunity cost is very common when considering the relevant costs. Opportunity cost is the potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another. Take the HTC case for example; if the smart phone manufacturing facilities are idle, and the company accepts to outsource the smart phone, the opportunity cost is zero and it means there is no impact on the cost related to the opportunity cost. However, if the company decides to use the facility to produce another kind of product, the opportunity cost incurred. According to the different situations, it may change the manager’s decision. Irrelevant costs are the costs that will be incurred no matter whether the product is manufactured internally or purchased externally. There are two kinds of categories of irrelevant costs when we make the make-or-buy decision. The first one is suck cost, which is always incurred during the operation process and cannot be avoided regardless of what decision the manager makes. In the HTC case, the manufacturing facilities have been purchased; no matter if the smart phone is made or purchased from a supplier, the costs of the manufacturing facilities (fixed cost) have been incurred. Another irrelevant cost is future cost which has no impact on the alternatives. Following the HTC case, the company needs to promote the smart phone through advertisement in order to gain big sales. If the company is going to allocate the same ad fee to the promotion regardless of producing them or purchasing them, the future cost is an irrelevant cost when making the decision. The analysis must also consider the availability of the product and the quality of the product  under each of the two scenarios. Other factors—such as the availability of the product and the quality of the product under different alternatives—are also important for an manager to make the make or buy decision. Following the HTC example, if the company chooses to produce the smart phone internally regardless of their deficiency in production capability, it can lead to poor quality products or low efficiency in production. In a long-run perspective, the company may not make a good decision. In order to get more accurate information about the products and the suppliers who can offer suitable prices and high quality products, the company needs to do research. This includes internal research and collecting business data from outside professional research companies which can provide more accurate information. References Dou, E. (2013). HTC May Give In to Lure of Outsourcing. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/10/23/htc-may-give-in-to-lure -of-outsourcing/?KEYWORDS=htc+ Gambino, A. (1980). The make-or-buy decision. New York, N.Y.: National Association of Accountants.

Anthropomorphy

The term â€Å"agent† in this case comes from the field of computer science and it refers to small programs (software agents) that are highly Independent, and are used to perform a number of tasks with title or no human Intervention. The purpose of anthropomorphic agents therefore Is to 1) make communication between the computer and the user more â€Å"human-like† and 2) to increase the automation of tasks.While many people find that anthropomorphic design Is useful because they believe it promotes positive attitudes and engages the user, many people have found that anthropomorphic design is distracting and inappropriately reduces user control and responsibility. To address these deferent perspectives, numerous research studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of anthropomorphic agents. Unfortunately for both sides, the results have not been black and white. In some studies, such as that of Lester et al. 1 997), performance has Increased after a period of interaction with an animated agent, as compared with the same program without an agent. However, In other cases, such as that of Eden and van Mullen (2000), there has been no notable difference in performance between those participants interacting with anthropomorphic agents and those interacting with a text-based system. With these contradictory results, it has been difficult for educators and Interface designers to be completely sold on the Importance of anthropomorphic design.II. Overview of Anthropomorphic Design 3 A. Key interface design considerations 1 . The Role of the Agent Anthropomorphic agents can have many different roles that range from being a guide on the side, activated only at the user's request, to an ever present tutor helping the user to answer questions and resolve problems. Deciding what role the agent will have in the program is the most important step in the development process. An agent that performs an inappropriate role will only result in user rustic ation and anxiety.

Use Of Handheld Cameras Changed The Way Of Police - 915 Words

The use of smartphone cameras changed the way that police were perceived as well. Accusations of police brutality could now be supported with video evidence instead of just a victim’s word against an officer. While filming police during stops and quality-of-life policing can hold the officer accountable in incidents of police brutality, cell phone video footage doesn’t always tell the whole story. In August, two Kansas police officers came under scrutiny after a 36 second video was posted on social media of them roughly restraining a suspect on the ground (Hunter). However, the police’s body cam and dash cam footage told a different story: after the suspect, John Harrison was pulled over for not wearing a seatbelt, the police discovered the smell of marijuana coming from his car, that he was driving with a suspended license and had more than 20 warrants out for his arrest (Kiesling and Smith). The dash cam video shows Harrison resisting arrest, attempting to flee (Hunter) and punching one of the police officers (Kiesling and Smith). The police were found innocent and Harrison was put in jail for outstanding warrants and is facing charges for driving with a suspended license, battery on a police officer, and obstruction of justice (Hunter). With Broken Windows policing, the community is made safer. With Broken Windows policing, crime was and is significantly reduced in low-income minority neighborhoods. Broken Windows policing was implemented in New York City in 1994Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And The United States Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesharass and assault them. Police brutality is a continuous problem in the United States and officers need to be accountable for their actions. 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