Has the Indentureship System Brought Significant Value?

The contemporary Caribbean society is comprised of various forms of culture and ethnic backgrounds. The main influential force behind this cultural diversification is due to slavery and Indentureship. Indentureship is the state or period of being a servant bound to service for a specified time in return for passage to a colony. The Indentureship system lasted from 1838 to 1917. This system consists of a variety of ethnic groups such as east Indians, white labourers and Chinese.Indeed this system of indentureship did brought significant value to the Caribbean civilization. The east Indians brought along the practicing of craft, some venture into retail trade while others went into agriculture. Indian contributions to Jamaican culture are legion. Indian jewellery designs have made their mark especially in the form of intricately wrought thin, gold bangles. Indian contributions to Jamaican culture are legion. Indian jewellery designs have made their mark especially in the form of intric ately wrought thin, gold bangles.Old animosities forgotten, elements of traditional Indian dress can be found in Jonkonnu processions and many African-Jamaicans participate alongside their Indian-Jamaican brothers and sisters in the Indian inspired cultural celebrations of Hosay and Divali. The indentureship system left behind traditional Indian foods for example curry goat, roti and callaloo which most of the Caribbean countries have adopt to their national cuisine.East Indians settled in Caribbean countries such as Trinidad, Guyana, Martinique and more places in which they played a significant role in the development of the economy. These indentured laborers had saved an ailing sugar industry, which was one of the main industries that led to the growth and development of these countries. Indians brought their firm family structure in which all relations supported each other. The idea of extended family, which included several generations, was very strong. All males over 16 years w ere members of a family council.They made all decisions of the family, for example marriage, religious ceremonies and expenditure. Hindus worshipped several gods of which Brahma was the most important. He was the supreme god or creator. They believed that when people died their souls were reborn in a new body. The Hindus had very strict divisions in the society. This was known as the caste system. Each person belonged to a special group or caste. The Brahmins, or the religious leaders, were at the top of the society and the Hindus in the Caribbean continued to follow them as their leaders.

Criminal Law (Advise Katarina, Paula, and Jenny as to their potential Essay

Criminal Law (Advise Katarina, Paula, and Jenny as to their potential liability for homicide) - Essay Example There are three ways of commissioning homicide a) killing with motive where one may have the chance of partial defence b) gross negligent conduct causing death and c) dangerous harm that culminates to death (Ashworth 2006). In scenario â€Å"a† referred to as above, is a "voluntary manslaughter". The remaining attempts fall within the ambit of â€Å"involuntary manslaughter†. Mens Rea The intention of crime falls within the definition of Mens rea that deals with the state of mind of a defendant at the time of committing a crime to determine criminal liability. In order to fix the responsibility of crimes of a defendant, mens rea at the time of committing crimes is essential under the criminal act. In other words, motives refer to the reason that compelled the defendant to commit criminal act. Take the examples of Fred and Wilma whose matrimonial relationship last for about twenty years. Later on, Fred began to suspect that his wife was having sexual affairs with Barney, which made him enraged. He bought gun and shot her to death. The case under reference indicates criminal act of Wilma and the intent of Fred to kill her. The motive was very clear (Ormerod 2011). It is to be noted that only motive is not enough to attack a criminal. Other supportive evidences are also required to establish a case against the defendant. Contrary to that, public prosecutor proves that the motive of the defendant was to kill. Therefore, it is not necessary to prove criminal liability.... ves the motive and not the mens rea, there is a strong chance that the defendant must be acquitted by the competent court of law, no matter how bad is the intention. Further if a public prosecutor proves the mens rea with the actus reus, the defendant will not escape from conviction, no matter how noble his motive is (Ormerod 2011). In this respect you may please refer to the cases of Hyam vs DPP (1975), R v Ried (1992), State v. Asher (Ark. 1888). Actus Reus The other way round, actus reus  in accordance with the broader definition of criminal law  comprises all ingredients of a crime other than the state of mind of a criminal.  In a nutshell,  actus reus  may have the following components a)  conduct b) outcome c) state of affairs and d) omission (Loveless 2012). Here we may refer to the cases of R v Miller (1982), R v Adams [1957], Devlin J, Armstrong, R v [1989] Owen J and Cox, R v  (1992) Winchester Crown Court, Ognall J. Coincidence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea A th orough study of Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine (2010) of Simester and R. Sullivan revealed that according to general rule, the actus reus and mens rea of a crime may have coincidence in terms of behavioural and circumstantial elements with regard to actus reus, which occur at the same time thus satisfying the requirements of mens rea (Simester et al 2010). Potential Liability Holder We have analyzed the whole situation on the mentioned parameters of homicide, which makes Katarina, responsible for the murder of Victor. Her motive for murdering her married boyfriend speaks of â€Å"jealous personality syndrome†. Because said boyfriend refused to spend the night with her since he selected another girlfriend Audrey for having a sexual pleasure in the night. Katrina felt insulted and made up her mind to

Creativity, Innovation & Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creativity, Innovation & Sustainability - Essay Example Unless creativity is encouraged on universal level, the world’s resources will continue to decline causing a danger to the sustainable development and increasing miseries and challenges for the generations to come. Past research has shown that there exists a link between personal creativity and an ability to gain the competitive advantage in business. In a study conducted by (Quporsi, 2010), competitive advantage was considered as the dependent variable whereas the marketing innovation and creativity was chosen as independent variable. The latter was found to have a significant impact on the former when varied in the selected sample of workers in Jordanian banks. Economic strength is fundamental to the flourishment of business. Economic strength can only be enhanced by devising new and creative ways of doing business that ensure a continuous and uninterrupted supply of services to the consumers like online banking and shopping. Some of the key management issues that are encountered in the way of fostering creativity and innovation process are the fundamental characteristics and the structure of the strategy designed to achieve innovation, management of the ever existing uncertainty, and above all, the human resources. Introducing innovation and creativity in the culture of an organization requires the managers to earn the confidence of all personnel involved in the process that assume responsible positions in the core structure of the organizational hierarchy. The concept of innovation and creativity is intrinsically opposite to the conventional rules, principles and norms prevalent in the culture of the organization and therefore, is likely to be criticized by those who are indeed, required to be active players of implementation of the measures taken for achieving creativity. An organization is dependent upon its staff for achieving its short and long term objectives. Its culture is influenced by the way

Lost Boys of Sudan, my long journal, education is my mother and father Essay

Lost Boys of Sudan, my long journal, education is my mother and father - Essay Example They traveled through the Saharan Desert in Sudan searching for the United Nations camps. Many lost their lives during this journey, but those who made it actually recollect this event in their lives as a highly maturing experience that has shaped them in to extremely resilient individuals. Life for these young children before the outbreak of war was nothing out of the ordinary; the villages that these children belonged to largely consisted of cattle farmers, therefore from a young age, the boys had been grazing cattle. With the outbreak of war, many young girls and boy were raped, killed or taken to the north to be sold as slaves. Coming from ordinary villages, there did have small schools in the village but even so, literacy was not that common and many children largely help their parent graze the cattle. After the war, their ordinary lives were completely toppled over and devastated by the violence. Santino Atem Deng was one of the boy who survived the post-independence massacre; one can even refer to him as ‘one of the Lost Boys’. Since his agonizing journey through his war-ravaged country ended, he was rehabilitated by the SPLP (Sudan People’s Liberation Party). ... Deng epitomizes a man who was reformed by education and by becoming a literate and learned man, he was able to cast the demons of his past aside and turn a new leaf. Deng was able to bring this change in his life by getting proper education that truly delivered him from suffering and gave him a new life. (Deng 71-71) He has become a model for Sudanese youth to strive hard to get proper education, because education is the only thing that saves them and their countrymen from the destruction of war and pave way for a more civilized society. The lost boys of Sudan had come a long way from their home country and often their journey is nothing short of time travel, as they all suffered a massive cultural shock and faced many hardships to get themselves accustomed to the modern society. The documentary film titled â€Å"The Lost Boys of Sudan† highlights the struggles of these men and their views of this new land where they were taking refuge in. They all had high hopes out of Americ a, when they were coming here to seek asylum. America has indeed come a long way when it comes to the establishment of stable and modern social structures. Compared to the people living in other countries, who may experience a cultural-shock or in other words, the individuals may experience a significant amount distress or anxiety, when it comes to acclimatizing oneself to that culture, since the values are too different and modern from their own. Therefore, this anxiety was one of the biggest hurdles in the path of the Lost Boys. They often thought that they were coming to a country where the ‘streets are paved with gold’; however after arriving in the United States, they realized it wasn’t a country

Why life insurance is or is not appropriate in Islamic countries Research Paper

Why life insurance is or is not appropriate in Islamic countries - Research Paper Example The first one of the view that insurance of any kind is prohibited because it is an agreement based on doubts, it is against God’s commands and insurance business is based on interest. Life insurance is used to cover financial loss happening from death. It is impossible to define life insurance in a single definition as there are different ways to explain it. In simple words life insurance is a tool to safeguard against natural calamities. The aim of every individual is to secure his family from future risks. Every person dreams for prosperous life for his near and dear ones, a bright future for their children and self without depending on others. The life insurance guarantees materializing these aims by paying them in terms of money. There was a time when necessities of life were fulfilled by government or charity organizations. As the population increases the resources are shrinking day by day. World is being governed by man-made laws and lust for power and corruption is multiplying in every walk of life. Basic necessities like food, shelter, education and social services are no more available. Even fresh and unpolluted breathing is no more. It seems difficult to make both ends meet. Individual earning in a family when meets with any misfortune like natural death, Job termination, disability etc than one can imagine how he will cope with all this. Here life insurance is the only option available to avail in this situation. Life insurance is a vast subject if studied it will give you a short- cut to fulfill above mentioned noble commitments. After collecting large sum of money from the public the insurance company with the government’s assistance can run various projects at national level. Through all this government uses this cash for various schemes such as power generation, special education, employment generation etc. In return government pays suitable interest so that public should get their maximum profit at

Communication Career Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication Career - Research Paper Example Communication career requires a bachelor’s degree in Arts and other related fields. Bachelors’ degree is the relevant entry requirement for this career because the work involves design and analysis of the social aspects. The analytical work conducted by the communication professional dictates the above requirement. It is notable that design projects require adequate information, which is best covered at the bachelor’s level. In addition, the communication industry contemporary progresses in social economic aspects to develop strategies that would promote social development. Most modern trends observable today tend to demand educational qualification alongside the experience that a person has. My aspiration in the field largely depends on my ability to achieve the essential education requirement. The subject combination necessary for the bachelor degree in communication is as follows: A-level which majors in linguistics, history, and social studies. The typical starting salary for communication workers is $ 13.56 per hour. This salary is considered high owing to the fact that the employee is a fresh graduate without work experience. The demand for experience is a common trend in the labor market. However, the preferences are given to this career and the communication training at the bachelors’ level enables new recruits to serve while preparing for higher cadre. Records on the communication industry indicate that occupation practices such as job training do apply in the industry. In addition, demand for experience before assuming the job is not a major factor considered at the entry level.

An Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An - Essay Example The first article is a deposition by one Francois Lapierre, â€Å"a man of color from the small town of Petit Anse† (Lapierre 222) who is a sublieutenant in the Compagnie Beaubert of the National Guard of the town (Lapierre 223). Traveling to Cap Francais on business his boat is stopped and boarded by another boat looking for free black men to arrest that they believe are part of a revolution. He resists and white soldiers, including its captain try to protect him and other coloreds threatening to kill the white French sailors if they dare try to take him. (Lapierre 223). Over time he is transferred to several ships, including the Jupiter where officers protect him from the violent crew who want to â€Å"cut off his head† (Lapierre 224). Lapierre and other coloreds are eventually assured of safety by Cambis and Roussel but are falsely accused as â€Å"agents of the...Commissioners† (Lapierre 227) [a group backing the cause of the slaves], and without trial are su bsequently condemned at one point to death. He eventually finds his way to an American vessel and is transported safely home to Petit Anse with the help of French dignitaries. It is hard to say whether I believe his story or not since the deposition was apparently not corroborated by other witnesses. Although he does not appear political, one might ask does he want to return home for sentimental reasons or to perhaps rejoin his fighting comrades? The second article, The Oge Insurrection, concerns Vincent Oge, a free man of color, overtly political and an official representative of freed blacks to the French government (Verneuil 45) who leads a brief insurrection in 1791 to convince the Assembly to approve political rights to free black men, a move fiercely opposed by white plantation owners. The account of Oge’s insurrection is told by Louis-Francois-ReneVerneuil , white plantation owner. From that perspective one must challenge its recounting as undoubtedly